Negenduizend witte tekens
Je kan de rijen tellen
De pijn vermenigvuldigen
Tot een oeverloos getal

Een vlag, een duin
Zo smetteloos en zwijgend
En maaiers millimeteren het gras
Met monotoon geronk

Een halve eeuw geleden
Heb ik je hier ergens verloren

Vandaag breng ik mezelf terug
Om al ziend te begrijpen
Maar het lukt me niet

Want op de graven staan slechts namen
En jou naam
Die vind ik niet

Negenduizend witte tekens
Stilgevallen peletons
Enkel het getal blijft over
En verloren namen in te veel brons


LT - 25/8/1997

Die dag op het witte zand van Utah Beach
Schroeide de zon onze ruggen

Wij liepen niet gekromd
Er waren geen ketsende kogels
En de golven braakten geen bloed

Het strand lag open
Jij raapte schelpjes

Ik dacht aan hem
Die nooit meer had gelopen
Die nooit meer had gesproken
Na die ene kogel op Utah Beach



LT - 25/8/1997

12 July 2021
Author: Monica Zanardo, University of Padova
Elsa Morante in other languages in: New Italian Books

The international success of the books of Elsa Morante (1912-1985) more or less mirrors her publishing success and popularity in Italy. After the lukewarm reception of Menzogna e sortilegio (1948), L’isola di Arturo (1957) was immediately successful, thanks also to its being awarded the prestigious Strega Prize, which also gave her greater visibility abroad. Her standing abroad was further enhanced after the publication of La Storia (1974), which was successful in terms of both popularity and sales, paving the way for her penetration of the European book market with her last novel, Aracoeli (1982). This success also contributed (though to a lesser extent) towards the rediscovery of her debut novel, which remains, however, Morante’s least translated book.

There were only two translations of Menzogna e sortilegio in the 1950s: the American edition published in 1951 and the German edition published in Zürich in 1952. This edition, translated by Hanneliese Hinderberger (who would later also translate La Storia in 1976), was subsequently published by the prestigious Suhrkamp Verlag (from 1981), with an afterword by Dominique Fernandez. There was a totally different reaction to her book in America, translated by Adrienne Foulke, with the editorial assistance of Andrew Chiappe, and published by Harcourt Brace following the intervention of William Weaver. Published under the title House of Liars, the book was a total failure. Morante was very unhappy with the translation, not just because of the many inaccuracies, but, above all, because of the major cuts imposed on her novel, which was abridged by almost 20%. After almost 70 years, a new translation is planned for The New York Review of Books. Menzogna e sortilegio is still today the least translated of Morante’s novels, even less translated than the collection of short stories Lo scialle andaluso. The novel was only rediscovered after L’isola di Arturo (the novel which brought her domestic fame and opened the door for her in many parts of Europe) was translated into French in 1967 (by Michel Arnaud, but with significant editing for Gallimard’s prestigious “Du monde entier” series) and Polish in 1968 (by Zofia Ernstowa, with the poetic inserts entrusted to Jerzy Kierst). Only after the author’s death was the book published in Danish (1988, translated by Jytte Lollesgaard), Hebrew (2000, translated by Miryam Shusṭ erman-Padovano) and Spanish (2012, translated by Ana Ciurans Ferrándiz, and republished in 2017 with a foreword by Juan Tallón). In 2019, the publishers Kastaniotis announced the imminent release of a translation into Greek, while translations are also underway into Dutch (as part of a larger publishing project to publish all of Morante’s novels being carried out by Wereldbibliotheek) and Macedonian. The reception of Morante’s works in the Balkans is rather different, however, as the first of her novels to be published in that region was, in fact, Menzogna e sortilegio (published in Yugoslavia, in 1972, in Serbo-Croatian, in its Cyrillic version by Miodrag Kujundzić and Ivanka Jovičić), with the rediscovery much later of Isola di Arturo and La Storia (both were published in 1987, in, respectively, Serbia, translated by Jasmina Livada, and Bosnia, translated by Razija Sarajilić), and, in 1989, of Lo Scialle andaluso (published by the Serbian publishing house Gradina and translated by Ana Srbinović and Elizabet Vasiljević).

The international success of L’isola di Arturo [Arturo’s Island] was more straightforward, with the book translated into fourteen languages within ten years of its publication in Italy. It was almost immediately available in Scandinavia, with the Finnish translation published in 1958 (Alli Holma) and the Swedish translation (Karin Alin) and Norwegian translation (Hans Braarving) in the following year. Between 1959 and 1960, the book was also translated into German (Susanne Hurni-Maehler, who, in 1985, also retranslated Lo scialle andaluso, the first German version of which, translated by Kurt Stoessel, was published in Switzerland in 1960), into English (by Isabel Quigly for Collins, with a new translation in 2019 by Ann Goldstein, the American translator of Elena Ferrante, who also has in the pipeline a new translation of La Storia [History: A Novel]), into Spanish (Eugenio Guasta in Argentina, with a version published in Catalan, translated by Joan Oliver, in 1965), into Polish (Barbara Sieroszewska) and Dutch (J.H. Klinkert-Pötters Vos). During the 1960s translations were also published in French (in 1963, Michel Arnaud, who subsequently also translated Menzogna e sortilegio in 1967 and La Storia in 1977, while her collection of short stories Lo scialle andaluso were translated by Mario Fusco), in Japanese (Teruo Ōkubo), in Hungarian (Éva Dankó), in Portuguese (Hermes Serrão in 1966, with a new translation by Loredana de Stauber Caprara and Regina Célia Silva published by the Brazilian publishing house Berlendis & Vertecchia in 2003), in Romanian (Constantin Ioncică – still Morante’s only book to be translated into Romanian, though there should soon be available a translation of La Storia), in Korean (1989), in Macedonian (2017, Nenad Trpovski), in Turkish (2007, Şadan Karadeniz, who ten years earlier had also translated Lo scialle andaluso) and in Albanian (2019, Shtëpia Botuese). Translations of L’isola di Arturo are currently underway into Georgian and Czech, while Morante’s first book to be published in Lithuanian will also be L’isola di Arturo (Alma Littera).

Morante’s first book to be published in Denmark was La Storia (1977), translated by Jytte Lollesgard, who went on to complete the translations of all Morante’s novels into Danish (L’isola di Arturo in 1984, and Menzogna e sortilegio and Aracoeli, both published in 1988), as well as her collection of short stories Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina (1989). In Slovenia, the international success of La Storia curiously led to L’Isola di Arturo being rediscovered (1976, translated by Cvetka Žužek-Granata), while Aracoeli (1993) and La Storia (2006), translated respectively by Srečko Fišer and Dean Rajčić, did not appear until after the author’s death.

Two translations of La Storia deserve a special mention: the American translation, because it was followed closely by Morante, and the Spanish translation, because of the controversy it caused. In America, the book was translated by William Weaver and published by the Franklin Library First Edition Society, with an invaluable preface by Morante, who negotiated with her literary agent Erich Linder for the punctuation in the book’s English title. The Spanish edition (1976, translated by Juan Moreno), on the other hand, was publicly criticised by the author, who accused the publishers Plaza y Janés of having censored her book, though an uncensored version of the book did not become available in Spanish (translated by Esther Benitez) until 1991. This translation was subsequently revised in 2008 by Flavia Cartoni, who also wrote a foreword to the novel.

Before the author’s death, La Storia was translated into twelve languages (in addition to the English and Spanish versions, there were also translations into French, German, Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Japanese and Chinese), with the book translated into another five languages by the end of the 1990s (Serbian, Czech, Hebrew, Turkish and Greek). Other languages have been added during the last twenty years, including Russian, Hungarian and Macedonian, but also Persian and Slovak (with La Storia being Morante’s only work to be published in these two languages in, respectively, 2003 and 2010). Curiously, the book has not been translated into Polish, but it has been recently translated (or is being translated) into Albanian, Rumanian, and even Arabic and Georgian.

Despite Morante’s well-established international reputation, Aracoeli did not achieve the same international reach. In 1984, the novel was translated into English, Spanish, German, Norwegian and French (by Jean-Noël Schifano, with the novel awarded the prestigious Prix Médicis étrangers) and, in 1985, into Swedish. Not until after her death was the novel also published in Finnish (1987), Danish and Czech (1988, when the Czech translation of La Storia was also published) and Slovene (1993). Aracoeli was Morante’s first work to be translated into both Greek and Hebrew. In Israel the translation of Aracoeli (1989, Miryam Shusṭ erman-Padovano) was followed, in 1994, by Lo scialle andaluso (Orah Ayal) and, going backwards, Morante’s other novels (La Storia, translated in 1995 by ʻImanuʼel Beʼeri; L’isola di Arturo and Menzogna e sortilegio, both translated by Miryam Shusṭ erman-Padovano and published in, respectively, 1997 and 2000). In Greece, the translation of Aracoeli (1989) paved the way for a very positive reception of Morante’s work and, in addition to the translations of her major novels and collections of short stories, there is one of the very rare translations of Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini (1996) and of the even less translated Lettere ad Antonio (published posthumously in Italy, edited by Alba Andreini, with title Diario 1938), which, besides Greek, can only be read in German and French.

Less successful, but nevertheless satisfactory, was the publication internationally of her collection of short stories Lo scialle andaluso (which have still not been translated into English), which were almost immediately translated into French and German, and then, during the 1980s, into Turkish, Estonian and Serbian. They can now also be read in Hebrew, Dutch, Spanish, Japanese, Albanian and Russian (the stories from Lo scialle andaluso and La Storia are Morante’s only works to be translated into Russian). They will soon be published in Portuguese, too. There are fewer translations of her short stories that were published posthumously. Racconti dimenticati have been translated into German, Greek, French and Dutch (in Dutch these short stories were published together with those from Lo scialle andaluso), with a Hebrew version currently underway; while Aneddoti infantili have only been translated into French (2015, Claire Pellissier). The collection of short stories for children, Straordinarie avventure di Caterina, have been fairly successful, however. They were translated almost immediately into Japanese and Hungarian, and, after the author’s death and during the 1990s, into French, Swedish, Danish, Spanish, Norwegian and German.

There are very few translations, however, of Alibi, the short collection of poems published by Longanesi in 1958. It was translated into French in 1999 (Jean-Noël Schifano, in a bilingual edition) and into Dutch in 2012 (Jan van der Haar, with the original and translation on opposite pages and a postword by Gandolfo Cascio, who was awarded the Morante Prize in 2016 for promoting Morante’s work in the Netherlands). Some individual poems have been translated, usually in magazines, as in the case of the poem that gives its name to the collection, which was translated into Polish in 1989 by Konstanty Jeleński, a friend of the author. Equally unsuccessful, partly because of the unusual form of the poems and their linguistic and conceptual complexity, and partly because they did not appeal to readers, is Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini (1968), which can only be read in French, Greek and English.

As for her literary and political writings, scant attention has been paid to Piccolo manifesto dei Comunisti (translated solely into French) and her sundry writings collected by Cesare Garboli in Pro o contro la bomba atomica e altri scritti, which can be read in German, French, Swedish, Spanish and Polish, and are currently being translated in Brazil. Her essay Sul Romanzo has been translated into Swedish, while her writings on Beato Angelico had already been translated in the 1970s.

While Elsa Morante’s minor works and poetry have a limited audience internationally, her novels, after she was awarded the prestigious Strega Prize and thanks also to the hard work of her literary agent Erich Linder, have received the attention they deserve (above all in France, Germany and Scandinavia, where they continue to be of interest). Moreover, following the author’s death, there have been publication projects in countries such as Israel, Greece and the Netherlands, to publish her complete works, some of which are nearing completion. The translation licences, some of which have been granted quite recently, confirm the continuing popularity of one of the most representative – and most represented – voices of twentieth-century Italian literature, with at least one of her works being translated into more than thirty language and whose books are distributed in all five continents.

"Art reminds us of the impossibility of his death and leaves us horrified every time one remembers the tragedy.", Matthias De Groof, editor 'Lumumba in the Arts'

Lumumba as a symbol of decolonisation and as an icon in the arts

It is no coincidence that a historical figure such as Patrice Emery Lumumba, independent Congo’s first prime minister, who was killed in 1961, has lived in the realm of the cultural imaginary and occupied an afterlife in the arts. After all, his project remained unfinished and his corpse unburied. The figure of Lumumba has been imagined through painting, photography, cinema, poetry, literature, theatre, music, sculpture, fashion, cartoons and stamps, and also through historiography and in public space. No art form has been able to escape and remain indifferent to Lumumba. Artists observe the memory and the unresolved suffering that inscribed itself both upon Lumumba’s body and within the history of Congo. If Lumumba – as an icon – lives on today, it is because the need for decolonisation does as well.

Rather than seeking to unravel the truth of actual events surrounding the historical Lumumba, this book engages with his representations. What is more, it considers every historiography as inherently embedded in iconography. Film scholars, art critics, historians, philosophers, and anthropologists discuss the rich iconographic heritage inspired by Lumumba. Furthermore, Lumumba in the Arts offers unique testimonies by a number of artists who have contributed to Lumumba's polymorphic iconography, such as Marlene Dumas, Luc Tuymans, Raoul Peck, and Tshibumba Kanda Matulu, and includes contributions by such highly acclaimed scholars as Johannes Fabian, Bogumil Jewsiewicky, and Elikia M’Bokolo.

Contributors: Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda (artist), Karen Bouwer (University of San Francisco), Véronique Bragard (UCLouvain), Piet Defraeye (University of Alberta), Matthias De Groof (scholar/filmmaker), Isabelle de Rezende (independent scholar), Marlene Dumas (artist), Johannes Fabian (em., University of Amsterdam), Rosario Giordano (Università della Calabria), Idesbald Goddeeris (KU Leuven), Gert Huskens (ULB), Robbert Jacobs (artist), Bogumil Jewsiewicki (em., Université Laval), Tshibumba Kanda Matulu (artist), Elikia M’Bokolo (EHESS), Christopher L. Miller (Yale University), Pedro Monaville (NYU), Raoul Peck (artist), Pierre Petit (ULB), Mark Sealy (Autograph ABP), Julien Truddaïu (CEC), Léon Tsambu (University of Kinshasa), Jean Omasombo Tshonda (Africa Museum), Luc Tuymans (artist), Mathieu Zana Etambala (AfricaMuseum)

This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).

Until the beginning of the eighteenth century, to be 'Italian' meant to identify with a number of collective memories, rather than a national memory. Yet there are elements of continuity that have shaped Italian identity over the past 1,500 years. Religion, food, art and architecture, a literary language, as well as a particular relationship between cities and countryside, between family and civil society have all contributed to present day Italian culture and politics. Baldoli explores the history of Italy as a country, rather than as a nation, in order to trace its fascinating cultural and political development.

Offering a way into each period of Italian history, the book brings Italy's past to life with extracts from poetry, novels and music. Drawing on the latest research published in English and Italian, this is the ideal introduction for all those interested in Italy's cultural and social past and its significance for the country's present.
Published in 2009.

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34. Das Herz Europas. Ein Besuch im Genfer Roten Kreuz. 16 S. 4° Zürich: Rascher 1918
35. (Übersetzung) Romain Rolland: Den hingeschlachteten Völkern! 15 S. 4° Zürich: Rascher 1918
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38. Legende eines Lebens. Ein Kammerspiel in drei Aufzügen. 152 S. Leipzig: Insel 1919
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44. Drei Meister. Balzac, Dickens, Dostojewski. 219 S. Leipzig: Insel 1920
45. (Einleitung) Andreas Latzko: Le dernier homme. Version nouvelle. 116 S. mit Abbildungen Genève: Sablier (806 Ex.) 1920
46. (Mitübersetzung) Magdeleine Marx [i.e. Magdeleine Paz]: Weib. Roman. Vorw. Henri Barbusse. Übersetzung S. Z. u. Friderike Maria Winternitz-Zweig. VI, 258 S. Basel: Rhein-V. [1920]
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50. Amok. Novellen einer Leidenschaft. 295 S. Leipzig: Insel 1922
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54. (Vorwort) Ausstellung Gustinus Ambrosi im Kunstmuseum. 18 S. St. Gallen: Tschudy 1923
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59. (Nachwort) O. Heuschele: Briefe aus Einsamkeiten. Drei Kreise. 127 S. Berlin: Junkker [1924]
60. (Nachwort) Franz Karl Ginzkey: Brigitte und Regine und andere Dichtungen. 76 S. Leipzig: Reclam (= Reclam’s UB. 6453) [1924]
61. (Bearbeitung, Vorwort.) François René Auguste Vicomte de Chateaubriand: Romantische Erzählungen. 186 S. Wien, Leipzig, München: Rikola (= Romantik der Weltliteratur) 1924
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65. Der Kampf mit dem Dämon. Hölderlin – Kleist – Nietzsche. 321 S. Leipzig: Insel 1925
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67. (Nachwort) Jens Peter Jacobsen: Niels Lyhne. 266 S. Leipzig: List (= Epikon) [1925]
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70. (Mitherausgeber, Mitverfasser) Liber Amicorum Romain Rolland. Romain Rolland. Sexagenario, ex innumerabilibus amicis paucissimi grates agunt. Hunc librum curaverunt edendum Maxim Gorki, Georges Duhamel, S. Z., imprimendum Emil Roniger. 405 S. mit Abbildungen 4° Zürich: Rotapfel [1926]
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76. Der Flüchtling. Episode vom Genfer See. 23 S. Leipzig (= Bücherlotterie der Internationalen Buchkunstausstellung, Leipzig 1927, Band 1) 1927
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81. Sternstunden der Menschheit. Fünf historische Miniaturen. 77 S. Leipzig: Insel (= Insel-Bücherei 165) [1927]
82. Verwirrung der Gefühle. Drei Novellen. 273 S. Leipzig: Insel 1927 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 72)
83. (Vorwort) Max Brod: Tycho Brahes Weg zu Gott. 361 S. Berlin: Dt. Buchgemeinschaft [1927]
84. Drei Dichter ihres Lebens. Casanova – Stendhal – Tolstoi. 377 S. Leipzig: Insel 1928
85. Jeremias. Eine dramatische Dichtung in neun Bildern. 191 S. Leipzig: Insel 1928 (Neubearb. v. Nr. 33)
86. Reise nach Rußland. 38 S. Wien: österreichisches Journal 1928
87. (Vorwort) Grigol Robakidse: Das Schlangenhemd. Ein Roman des georgischen Volkes. III, 221 S. Jena: Diederichs 1928
88. Kleine Chronik. Vier Erzählungen. 92 S. Leipzig: Insel (= Insel-Bücherei 408) [1929] (Enth. u. a. Nr. 76, 80)
89. Dank an die Bücher. 2 Blätter Leipzig: Verl. Staatl. Akad. f. graph. Künste u. Buchgewerbe 1929
90. (Nachwort) Richard Specht: Florestan Kestners Erfolg. Eine Erzählung aus den Wiener Märztagen. 135 S. Leipzig: Reclam (= Reclam’s UB. 7038/7039) 1929
91. Joseph Fouché. Bildnis eines politischen Menschen. 332 S., 6 Tafeln Leipzig: Insel 1929
92. Das Lamm des Armen. Tragikomödie in drei Akten (neun Bildern). 137 S. Leipzig: Insel 1929
93. (Nachwort) Oskar Baum: Nacht ist umher. Erzählung. 69 S. Leipzig: Reclam (= Reclam’s UB. 7005) [1929]
94. (Einleitung) E. T. A. Hoffmann: Princess Brambilla. Caprice. Trad. Alzir Hella, Olivier Bournac. X, 244 S. mit Abb. Paris, Neuchâtel: Attinger (= Romantiques Allemands 1) 1929
95. Der Zwang. Phantastische Nacht. Novellen. 126 S., 15 Abbildungen Wien: Der Strom (= Die Roman-Rundschau 2) 1929 (Enth. Nr. 47 u. teilw. 50)
96. Buchmendel. (Die Novelle wurde dem Bergischen Bibliophilen-Abend vom Verfasser zur Veröffentlichung überlassen.) 30 S. 4° Officina Serpentis 1930 (Ausz. a. Nr. 88)
97. Rahel rechtet mit Gott. Legende. 2° Blätter, 2 Abb. v. W. Preißer. Berlin: Aldus Druck (= Mitgliedsgabe der Soncino-Ges. zur Jahresversamml.; 370 Ex.) 1930
98. (Einleitung) W. A. Mozart: Ein Brief an sein Augsburger Bäsle. 4 S. Faks., 12 S. Text. 4° [Wien: Max Jaffé & Waldheim-Eberle] (50 Ex.) 1931
99. (Vorwort) Das Buch des Jahres 1931. Herausgeber Vereinigte Verleger-Gruppe. VIII, 167 S. mit Abb. Leipzig: Poeschel & Trepte [1931]
100. (Einleitung) Schalom Asch: La Chaise électrique. Trad. par Alzir Hella et J. Altkaufer. VIII, 246 S. Paris: Stock 1931
101. (Einleitung) Maxim Gorki: Erzählungen. Aus d. Russ. übertr. v. A. Luther. 302 S. Leipzig: Insel 1931
102. Ausgewählte Gedichte. 80 S. Leipzig: Insel (= Insel-Bücherei 422) [1931] (Ausz. a. Nr. 63)
103. Die Heilung durch den Geist. Mesmer – Mary Baker-Eddy – Freud. 446 S. Leipzig: Insel 1931
104. Ausgewählte Prosa. (I. Bändchen). Herausgeber u. Vorw. Herman Wolf. 142 S. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff (= Meulenhof’s Samml. dt. Schriftsteller 53) 1931 (Ausz. a. Nr. 81, 88, 91)
105. (Vorwort) Die Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum. 31 S. mit Abb. Salzburg [: Kiesel] 1931
106. (Einleitung) Max Zodykow: Stimme aus dem Dunkel. Eine Ausw. von Gedichten und Prosa. 100 S. Berlin-Charlottenburg: Lehmann [1931]
107. Marie Antoinette. Bildnis eines mittleren Charakters. 639 S., 10 Tafeln Leipzig: Insel 1932
108. (Übersetzung, Nachwort) Henri Barbusse: Die Schutzflehenden. Der Roman einer Vorkriegsjugend. 247 S. Zürich: Rascher 1932
109. (Einleitung) Jean-Richard Bloch: Vom Sinn unseres Jahrhunderts. Übersetzung Paul Amann. 306 S. Berlin: Wien, Leipzig: Zsolnay 1932
110. The Jewish Children in Germany. (Adress by Mr. Stefan Zweig at the House of Mrs. Anthony de Rothschild, on Thursday, November 30, 1933 and to the Commitee for the Luncheon at the Savoy Hotel, December 20, 1933, in aid of German Jewish women and children.) 8 S. London 1933
111. Die moralische Entgiftung Europas. 15 S. Roma: Reale Accademia d’Italia 1933–XI
112. (Vorwort) Schalom Asch: Petersbourg. Roman. Trad. del’Allemand par A. Vialatte. 382 S. Paris: Crasset [1933]
113. Marie Antoinette. Bildnis eines mittleren Charakters. 575 S., 10 Tafeln Leipzig: Insel [1934] (Neubearb. Aufl. v. Nr. 107)
114. Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam. 227 S. mit Abb. Wien: 4° Reichner (600 num. Ex.) 1934
115. Die schweigsame Frau. Komische Oper frei nach Ben Jonson. Musik v. R. Strauss (Textbd.) 110 S. Berlin: Fürstner [1935]
116. (Übersetzung) Luigi Pirandello: Man weiß nicht wie. Drei Akte. 89 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1935
117. Ausgewählte Prosa. (II. Bändchen.) Herausgeber Herman Wolf. 135 S. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff (= Meulenhoffs Samml. dt. Schriftsteller 66) 1935 (Ausz. a. Nr. 107, 114, 119)
118. Sinn und Schönheit der Autographen. 13 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1935
119. Maria Stuart. 524 S. mit Tafeln Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1935
120. (Einleitung) Paul Stefan: Arturo Toscanini. 72 S., 54 Abbildungen Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1935
121. Arturo Toscanini. Ein Bildnis. 13 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner [1935] (S.-A. v. Nr. 120)
122. Baumeister der Welt. Drei Meister. Der Kampf mit dem Dämon. Drei Dichter ihres Lebens. 650 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1936 (Enth. Nr. 44, 65, 84)
123. Castellio gegen Calvin oder Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt. 333 S. mit Tafeln Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1936
124. [Gesammelte Erzählungen. 2 Bände 487, 464 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1936 (Enth. Nr. 126 u. Ausz. a. Nr. 79; siehe Nr. 126)
125. (Vorwort) Joseph Leftwich: What Will Happen to the jew’s? XII, 268 S. London: King 1936
126. Kaleidoskop. 464 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner (= Gesamtausgabe des erzählerischen Werkes, 2. Band) 1936 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 51, 64, 81, 88, 97; siehe Nr. 124)
127. Georg Friedrich Händels Auferstehung. Eine historische Miniatur. 58 S. mit Abbildungen Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1937 (Ausz. a. Nr. 126)
128. Begegnungen mit Menschen, Büchern, Städten. 478 S. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner [1937] (Enth. u. a. Nr. 11, 32, 34, 56, 58, 66, 73, 75, 77, 89, 99, 111, 118, 121, 130; Ausz. a. Nr. 37)
129. Der begrabene Leuchter. 127 S. mit Abb. Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner 1937 (Ausz. a. Nr. 126)
130. House of a Thousand Destinies. 16 S. mit Abb. London: Shenval [1937]
131. (Einleitung) Gaston Soulié: Plus jamais ça! Deux lettres servant de Préface, Romain Rolland & S. Z. 131 S. Paris: Dedresse 1937
132. (Nachwort) Ödon Horváth: A Child of Our Time. Translated into English by R. Wills Thomas. Foreword by F. Werfel. 263 S. London: Methuen & Co. 1938
133. Magellan. Der Mann und seine Tat. 370 S. mit Tafeln Wien, Leipzig, Zürich: Reichner [1938]
134. (Einleitung) Rainer Maria Rilke. Aspects of his mind and poetry. Edited by William Rose, G. Craig Houston. 183 S. London: Sidgwick & Jackson 1938
135. (Einleitung) Paul Leppin: Helldunkle Strophen. Gedichte. 56 S. mit Abb. v. H. Steiner. Prag: Werner (= Leppin: Prager Rhapsodie 1) 1938
136. (Einleitung) Eugen Relgis: Muted voices. Transl. R. Freeman-Ishill. 200 S. mit Abb. Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Oriole Press 1938
137. (Herausgeber) L. N. Tolstoj: Les Pages immortelles de Tolstoj. Texte de S. Z. Trad.: J. Angelloz. 235 S. Paris: Correa (= Les Pages Immortelles) 1939
138. Ungeduld des Herzens. Roman. 443 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer; Amsterdam: de Lange 1939
139. Worte am Sarge Sigmund Freuds. Gesprochen am 26. September 1939 im Krematorium London. 4 Blätter Amsterdam: de Lange (100 Ex.) [1939]
140. The Tide of Fortune. Twelve historical miniatures. Transl. by Eden and Cedar Paul. 232 S. London: Cassell 1940
141. (Vorwort) The Jewish Contribution to Civilization. Ed. C. A. Stonchill. A collection of books formed and offered by C. A. Stonchill, Ltd. 198 S. mit Abbildungen Birmingham: Press of Juckes (= Catalogue, no. 144/1940) 1940
142. (Mitübersetzung) Irwin Edman: Ein Schimmer Licht im Dunkel [Candle in the Dark. A Postscript to Despair. 88p. New York: The Viking Press, 1939]. Übertr. v. Richard Friedenthal u. S. Z. 65 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer (= Schriftenreihe Ausblicke) 1940
143. Brasilien. Ein Land der Zukunft. 293 S., 13 Tafeln Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1941
144. Amerigo. A comedy of errors in history. Transl. by Andrew St. James. 128 S. mit Abbildungen New York: Viking 1942
145. As très Paixês. Très Novelas. Übersetzung Odilon Gallotti u. Elias Davidovich. 213 S. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Gunabara, Waissman Koogan (= Obras complétas 16) 1942 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 146)
146. Schachnovelle. 97 S. Buenos Aires: Pigmalión (250 num. Ex.) bzw. Buenos Aires: Kramer (50 num. Ex.) 1942
147. Die Welt von Gestern. Erinnerungen eines Europäers. 493 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1942
148. (Einleitung) Claire Goll: My sentimental zoo. Animalstories. Transl. M. de Huyn. 125 S. mit Abb. Mount Vernon, N. Y.: The Peter Pauper Press [1942]
149. Sternstunden der Menschheit. Zwölf historische Miniaturen. 300 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1943 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 81; Ausz. a. Nr. 126)
150. Zeit und Welt. Gesammelte Aufsätze und Vorträge 1904—1940. Herausgeber u. Nachwort Richard Friedenthal. 401 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1943 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 86, 139; Ausz. a. Nr. 37)
151. Amerigo. Die Geschichte eines historischen Irrtums. 132 S. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1944 (Dt. Ausg. v. Nr. 144)
152. Balzac. Aus dem Nachlaß hg. u. mit e. Nachw. vers. v. Richard Friedenthal. 574 S., 9 Tafeln Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer 1946
153. (Vorwort) Vincenzo Errante: Lenau. Geschichte eines Märtyrers der Poesie. Übersetzung C. Rau. 359 S. Mengen: Heine 1948
154. Europäisches Erbe. Herausgeber Richard Friedenthal. 282 S. Frankfurt/Main: Fischer 1960 (Enth. u. a. Nr. 22, 61, 67, 94)
155. Fragment einer Novelle. Herausgeber Erich Fitzbauer. 14 Blätter, 4 Abb. v. Hans Fronius. 4° Wien: Verl. d. Internat. Stefan-Zweig-Ges. (= Zweite Sonderpublikation d. Internat. Stefan-Zweig-Ges.) (500 num. Ex.) 1961 [Ausz. a. Widerstand der Wirklichkeit, EA in: Brennendes Geheimnis. Erzählungen [Frankfurt am Main] 1987 [6], S. 221-(271)]
156. Im Schnee. Herausgeber Erich Fitzbauer. 14 Blätter mit Abbildungen v. F. Fischer. Wien: Verl. d. Internat. Stefan-Zweig-Ges. (= Dritte Sonderpublikation d. Internat. Stefan-Zweig-Ges.) (500 num. Ex.) 1963
157. Die Hochzeit von Lyon. Novelle. Herausgegeben u. mit e. Nachwort vers. v. Erich Fitzbauer. 29 S., 4 Abb. v. Hans Fronius. 4° Wien: Ed. Graphischer Zirkel (= Dreizehnte Buchpublikation der Ed. Graphischer Zirkel) (400 num. Ex.) 1980
158. Gesammelte Werke in Einzelbänden. 36 [+1] Bände Herausgeber u. Nachbemerk. Knut Beck. Frankfurt/Main: Fischer 1981–1990

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But 100 years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men - yes, black men as well as white men - would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds.


But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.

We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.


We have also come to his hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.


Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.

There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.

And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, when will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.

We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: for whites only.

We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.

No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our Northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

So even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims' pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that, let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last. Free at last. Thank God almighty, we are free at last.

"Literature was not promulgated by a pale and emasculated critical priesthood singing their litanies in empty churches - nor is it a game for the cloistered elect, the tinhorn mendicants of low calorie despair. Literature is as old as speech. It grew out of human need for it, and it has not changed except to become more needed." - Steinbeck

"Socialism never took root in America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires" - Steinbeck

"Our species is the only creative species, and it has only one creative instrument, the individual mind and spirit of a man. Nothing was ever created by two men. There are no good collaborations, whether in art, in music, in poetry, in mathematics, in philosophy. Once the miracle of creation has taken place, the group can build and extend it, but the group never invents anything. The preciousness lies in the lonely mind of a man. And now the forces marshaled around the concept of the group have declared a war of extermination on that preciousness, the mind of man. By disparagement, by starvation, by repressions, forced direction, and the stunning blows of conditioning, the free, roving mind is being pursued, roped, blunted, drugged. It is a sad suicidal course our species seems to have taken. And this I believe: that the free, exploring mind of the individual human is the most valuable thing in all the world.
And this I would fight for: the freedom of the mind to take any direction it wishes, undirected. And this I must fight against: any idea, religion, or government which limits or destroys the individual. This is what I am and what I am about. I can understand why a system built on a pattern must try to destroy the free mind, for this is the one thing which can by inspection destroy such a system. Surely I can understand this, and I hate it and I will fight against it to preserve the one thing that separates us from the uncreative beasts. If the glory can be killed, we are lost."

-East of Eden 1952

"I guess this is why I hate governments. It is always the rule, the fine print, carried out by the fine print men. There's nothing to fight, no wall to hammer with frustrated fists."-Travels with Charley, 1962

"What good's an opinion if you don't know?"-Travels with Charley

"Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts... perhaps the fear of a loss of power."

"...there is a base theme. Try to understand men, if you understand each other you will be kind to each other. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and nearly always leads to love."

John Stuart Mill (20 mei 1806 – 8 mei 1873) was een Engels filosoof en econoom, en de meest invloedrijke vrije denker van de 19e eeuw. Hij was een voorstander van het utilitarisme, de ethische theorie die voorgesteld werd door zijn peetvader Jeremy Bentham.

John Stuart Mill werd geboren in zijn vaders huis in Pentonville, Londen, als de oudste zoon van James Mill. Hij kreeg zijn onderwijs van zijn vader, met advies en assistentie van Jeremy Bentham en Francis Place. Hij kreeg een strenge opvoeding en werd nadrukkelijk afgeschermd van andere jongens van zijn leeftijd. Zijn vader, een navolger van Bentham, had als zijn specifieke doel om een genieus intellect te creëren dat de doelen en uitvoering van het utilisme zou doen verder leven na de dood van Bentham en hemzelf.

Tegen de tijd dat hij drie was kon hij het Griekse alfabet opnoemen, en toen hij acht werd had hij Aesopus' 'Fabels' gelezen en wist hij van Plato. In 1818 begon hij aan een studie logica en het jaar erop kreeg hij te maken met politieke economie.

Hij publiceerde zijn eerste belangrijke boek in 1842, The system of logic. Een van de belangrijkste theorieën is het beginsel van causaliteit – Als A altijd door B wordt gevolgd, kan worden verondersteld dat dit in de toekomst ook altijd zo zal zijn.

In 1869 publiceerde hij Subjection of Women, waarin hij de vrouwenrechten verdedigde. Hij was dan al vier jaar parlementslid waar hij eveneens ijverde voor het vrouwenkiesrecht en de vooruitstrevende liberalen steunde. Zijn vrouw Henriëtte, die in 1858 stierf, zou het boek geschreven hebben, maar op haar naam mocht het niet worden uitgegeven. Tot op de dag van vandaag staat het boek officieel op naam van John Stuart Mill.

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill (20070226)

Writings by John Stuart Mill

[books / book excerpts]

· The Logic of the Moral Sciences. Excerpted from A System of Logic. London, 1843, 8th ed. 1872. [French translation]

· Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy. London, 1844.

· Principles of Political Economy. London, 1848, 7th ed. 1871.

· On Liberty. London, 1859. [French translation]

· Dissertations and Discussions. London, 1859, 4th ed. 1882.

· Considerations on Representative Government. London, 1861.

· Utilitarianism. London, 1863. Reprinted from Fraser's Magazine, 1861. [French translation]

· Auguste Comte and Positivism. London, 1865. Reprinted from Westminster Review, 1865. [French translation]

· An Examination of Sir Hamilton's Philosophy. London, 1865.

· The Subjection of Women. London, 1869. [French translation] [Spanish translation]

· Autobiography. London, 1873. [French translation]

· Three Essays on Religion [Nature + Utility of Religion + Theism]. London, 1874.

· Chapters on Socialism. Fortnightly Review, 1879.

[articles]

· Free Discussion (1). Morning Chronicle, 1823.

· Free Discussion (2). Morning Chronicle, 1823.

· Free Discussion (3). Morning Chronicle, 1823.

· A Defense of Bentham. Excerpted from 'Whewell on Moral Philosophy'. Westminster Review, 1836.

· Note on N. W. Senior's Political Economy. In Senior's Outline of the Science of Political Economy, London, 1836.

· The Negro Question. Fraser's Magazine, 1850.

· Bentham. 1838, 2nd ed. 1859.

· The Contest in America. Fraser's Magazine, 1862.

· Inaugural Address. Delivered to the University of St. Andrews, 1867.

· Meetings in Royal Parks. Delivered in Parliament, 1867.

· Speech in Favour of Capital Punishment. Delivered in Parliament, 1868.

· Thornton on Labour and its Claims. Fortnightly Review, 1869.

· Theism. In Three Essays on Religion, London, 1874.

· Nature. In Three Essays on Religion, London, 1874.

· Utility of Religion. In Three Essays on Religion, London, 1874.

[letters]

· To James Mill. April 25, 1821.

· To ? March 18, 1840.

· To Gustave D'Eichthal. January 10, 1842.

· To ? May 13, 1865.

· To a Gentleman in Ohio. September 1, 1865.



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Writings about John Stuart Mill

[dictionary / encyclopaedia entries]

· John Stuart Mill. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.

· John Stuart Mill. The Columbia Encyclopedia.

· John Stuart Mill. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics.

· John Stuart Mill. Encyclopædia Britannica.

· John Stuart Mill. Encyclopædia Britannica (1911).

· John Stuart Mill. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

· John Stuart Mill. Island of Freedom.

· John Stuart Mill. The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism.

· John Stuart Mill. The Literary Encyclopedia.

· John Stuart Mill. The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy.

· John Stuart Mill. Spartacus Educational.

· John Stuart Mill. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

· John Stuart Mill. Wikipedia.

[other writings]

· Law Reform in England. The United States Democratic Review, 1851.

· John Stuart Mill and his Residence. Anonymous. Littell's Living Age, 1868.

· John Stuart Mill. By G. M. Towle. Appleton's Journal, 1870.

· John Stuart Mill. By M. D. Conway. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 1873.

· The Reality of Duty. Anonymous. Littell's Living Age, 1876.

· John Stuart Mill (I). By Lyell Adams. New Englander and Yale Review, 1877.

· John Stuart Mill (II). By Lyell Adams. New Englander and Yale Review, 1877.

· John Stuart Mill (III). By Lyell Adams. New Englander and Yale Review, 1877.

· John Stuart Mill and the Destruction of Theism. By President Shairp. Princeton Review, 1878.

· James and John Stuart Mill. Littell's Living Age, 1882.

· John Stuart Mill and the London and Westminster Review. By C. Marion D. Robertson Towers. The Atlantic Monthly, 1892.

· A Letter to John Stuart Mill. By Winthrop More Daniels. The Atlantic Monthly, 1900.

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